Contrast Transfer Function

Index

Cryo-Microscopy - Suggested List

Non-Cryo Contrast Transfer Function - Suggested List

Cryo-Microscopy - Extensive List

Meeting Abstracts, Newsletter and Bulletins Concerning Cryo-Microscopy

Non Cryo Contrast Transfer Function

Meeting Abstracts, Newslatter and Bulletins Concerning Non-Cryo Contrast Transfer Function

Notes


SUGGESTED LIST

Cryo-Microscopy

Toyoshima, C. and N. Unwin (1988) Contrast transfer for frozen-hydrated specimens: determination from pairs of defocused images. Ultramicrosc. 25:279-292.

Langmore, J. P. and M. F. Smith (1992) Quantitative energy-filtered electron microscopy of biological molecules in ice. Ultramicrosc. 46:349-373.

Smith, M. F. and J. P. Langmore (1992) Quantitation of molecular densities by cryo-electron microscopy: Determination of the radial density distribution of tobacco mosaic virus. J. Mol. Biol. 226:763-774.

Wade, R. H. (1992) A brief look at imaging and contrast transfer. Ultramicrosc. 46:145-156.

Toyoshima, C., K. Yonekura and H. Sasabe (1993) Contrast transfer for frozen-hydrated specimens II. Amplitude contrast at very low frequencies. Ultramicrosc. 48:165-176.

Zhou, Z. H., S. Hardt, B. Wang, M. B. Sherman, J. Jakana and W. Chiu (1996) CTF determination of images of ice-embedded single particles using a graphics interface. J. Struc. Biol. 116:216-222.

Non-Cryo Contrast Transfer Function

Erickson, H. P. and A. Klug (1971) Measurement and compensation of defocusing and aberrations by fourier processing of electron micrographs. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 261:105-118.

Unwin, P. N. T. (1973) Phase contrast electron microscopy of biological materials. J. Microsc. 98:299-312.

Frank, J., S. C. McFarlane and K. H. Downing (1978) A note on the effect of illumination aperture and defocus spread in brightfield electron microscopy. Optik 52:49-60.


EXTENSIVE LIST

Cryo-Microscopy

Hayward, S. B. and R. M. Stroud (1981) Projected structure of purple membrane determined to 3.7Å resolution by low temperature electron microscopy. J. Mol. Biol. 151:491-517.

Lepault, J. and T. Pitt (1984) Projected structure of unstained, frozen-hydrated T-layer of Bacillus brevis. EMBO J. 3:101-105.

Lepault, J. and K. Leonard (1985) Three-dimensional structure of unstained, frozen-hydrated extended tails of bacteriophage T4. J. Mol. Biol. 182:431-441.

Stewart, M. and G. Vigers (1986) Electron microscopy of frozen-hydrated biological material. Nature 319:631-636.

Milligan, R. A. and P. F. Flicker (1987) Structural relationships of actin, myosin, and tropomyosin revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 105:29-39.

Dubochet, J., M. Adrian, J.-J. Chang, J.-C. Homo, Lepault, J., A. W. McDowall and P. Schultz (1988) Cryo-electron microscopy of vitrified specimens. Quart. Rev. Biophys. 21:129-228.

Toyoshima, C. and N. Unwin (1988) Contrast transfer for frozen-hydrated specimens: determination from pairs of defocused images. Ultramicrosc. 25:279-292.

Jeng, T.-W., R. A. Crowther, G. Stubbs and W. Chui (1989) Visualization of alpha-helices in tobacco mosaic virus by cryo-electron microscopy. J. Mol. Biol. 205:251-257.

Stewart, M. (1990). Electron microscopy of biological macromolecules: frozen hydrated methods and computer image processing. Modern Microscopies: Techniques and Applications. (P. J.Duke and A. G. Michette, Eds.), Plenum Press, N.Y. pp. 9-39.

Toyoshima, C. and N. Unwin (1990) Three-dimensional structure of the acetylcholine receptor by cryoelectron microscopy and helical image reconstruction. J. Cell Biol. 111:2623-2635.

Cabral-Lilly, D., G. N. J. Phillips, G. E. Sosinsky, , L. Melanson, S. Chacko and C. Cohen (1991) Structural studies of tropomyosin by cryoelectron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Biophys. J. 59:805-814.

Cheng, R. H., N. H. Olson and T. S. Baker (1992) Cauliflower mosaic virus: A 420 subunit (T=7), multilayer structure. Virology 186:655-668.

Brink, J. and W. Chiu (1991) Contrast analysis of cryo-images in N-paraffin recorded at 400kV out to 2.1Å resolution. J. Microsc. 161:279-295.

Langmore, J. P. and M. F. Smith (1992) Quantitative energy-filtered electron microscopy of biological molecules in ice. Ultramicrosc. 46:349-373.

Smith, M. F. and J. P. Langmore (1992) Quantitation of molecular densities by cryo-electron microscopy: Determination of the radial density distribution of tobacco mosaic virus. J. Mol. Biol. 226:763-774.

Wade, R. H. (1992) A brief look at imaging and contrast transfer. Ultramicrosc. 46:145-156.

Stewart, P. L., S. D. Fuller and R. M. Burnett (1993) Difference imaging of adenovirus: Bridging the resolution gap between x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. EMBO J. 12:2589-259.

Toyoshima, C., K. Yonekura and H. Sasabe (1993) Contrast transfer for frozen-hydrated specimens II. Amplitude contrast at very low frequencies. Ultramicrosc. 48:165-176.

Unwin, N. (1993) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 9Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 229:1101-1124.

Wade, R. H. and D. Chretien (1993) Cryoelectron microscopy of microtubules. J. Struct. Biol. 110:1-27.

Zhou, Z. H. and W. Chiu (1993) Prospects for using an IVEM with a FEG for imaging macromolecules towards atomic resolution. Ultramicrosc. 49:407-416.

Conway, J. F., B. L. Trus, F. P. Booy, W. W. Newcomb, J. C. Brown and A. C. Steven (1996) Visualization of three-dimensional density maps reconstructed from cryoelectron micrographs of viral capsids. J. Struct. Biol. 116:200-208.

Frank, J., M. Radermacher, P. Penczek, J. Zhu, Y. Li, M. Ladjadj and A. Leith (1996) SPIDER and WEB: Processing and visualization of images in 3D electron microscopy and related fields. J. Struct. Biol. 116:190-199.

Saxton, W. O. (1996) SEMPER: Distortion compensation, selective averaging, 3-D reconstruction, and transfer function correction in a highly programmable system. J. Struct. Biol. 116:230-236.

Zhou, Z. H., S. Hardt, B. Wang, M. B. Sherman, J. Jakana and W. Chiu (1996) CTF determination of images of ice-embedded single particles using a graphics interface. J. Struc. Biol. 116:216-222.

Meeting Abstracts, Newsletters and Bulletins
Concerning Cryo-Microscopy

Cheng, R. H. (1992) Correlation of Cryo-Electron Microscopic and X-Ray Data and Compensation of the Contrast Transfer Function. Proc. Elect. Microsc. Soc. Am. 50:996-997.

Smith, M. F. and J. P. Langmore (1992) Correction of the Contrast Transfer Function to Determine the Radial Density Distribution of Frozen- Hydrated Tobacco Mosaic Virus. Proc. Elect. Microsc. Soc. Am. 50:536-537.

Non-Cryo Contrast Transfer Function

Erickson, H. P. and A. Klug (1970) The fourier transform of an electron micrograph: Effects of defocusing and aberrations, and implications for the use of underfocus contrast enhancement. Ber. Bunsen-Gesellschaft Phys. Chem. 74:1129-1137.

Hoppe, W. (1970) Principles of electron structure research at atomic resolution using conventional electron microscopes for the measurement of amplitudes and phases. Acta Cryst. A26:414-426.

Erickson, H. P. and A. Klug (1971) Measurement and compensation of defocusing and aberrations by fourier processing of electron micrographs. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 261:105-118.

Hanszen, K. J. (1971) The optical transfer theory of the electron microscope: fundamental principles and applications. Adv. Opt. Elec. Microsc. (R. Barer & V. E. Cosslett, eds.) 4:1-84.

Hoppe, W. (1971) Use of zone correction plates and other techniques for structure determination of aperiodic objects at atomic resolution using a conventional electron microscope. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 261:71-94.

Thon, F. (1971). Phase contrast electron microscopy. Electron Microscopy in Materials Science. (Ed. U. Valdre) Academic Press, N. Y. pp. 570-625.

Erickson, H. P. (1973) The Fourier transform of an electron micrograph: First order and second order theory of image formation. Adv. Opt. Elec. Microsc. (R. Barer & V. E. Cosslett, eds.) 5:163-199.

Frank, J. (1973) The envelope of electron microscopic transfer functions for partially coherent illumination. Optik 38:519-536.

Frank, J. (1973) Computer processing of electron micrographs. Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy (Ed. J. K. Koehler) Springer-Verlag 1:215-274.

Johansen, B. V. (1973) Bright field electron microscopy of biological specimens. I. Obtaining the optimum contribution of phase contrast to image formation. Micron 4:446-472.

Johnson, D. J. and D. Crawford (1973) Defocusing phase contrast effects in electron microscopy. J. Microsc. 98:313-324.

Johnson, H. M. (1973) In-focus phase contrast electron microscopy. Princ. Tech. Elec. Microsc. (Ed. M. A. Hayat)Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N. Y. 3:153-198.

Unwin, P. N. T. (1973) Phase contrast electron microscopy of biological materials. J. Microsc. 98:299-312.

Johansen, B. V. (1975) Bright field electron microscopy of biological specimens. III. Expanded phase contrast information using in situ double exposures with complementary objective apertures. Micron 6:153-163.

Johansen, B. V. (1975) Optical diffractometry. Princ. Tech. Elec. Microsc. (Ed. M. A. Hayat)Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N. Y. 5:114-173.

Unwin, P. N. T. and R. Henderson (1975) Molecular structure determination by electron microscopy of unstained crystalline specimens. J. Mol. Biol. 94:425-440.

Burge, R. E. (1976) Contrast and image formation of biological specimens. Princ. Tech. Elec. Microsc. (Ed. M. A. Hayat)Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., N. Y. 6:85-116.

Misell, D. L. (1976) On the validity the weak-phase and other approximations in the analysis of electron microscope images. J. Phys. D.: Appl. Phys. 9:1849-1866.

Chiu, W. and R. M. Glaeser (1977) Factors affecting high resolution fixed-beam transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicrosc. 2:207-217.

Johansen, B. V. (1977) High resolution bright field electron microscopy of biological specimens. Ultramicrosc. 2:229-239.

Wade, R. H. and J. Frank (1977) Electron microscope transfer functions for partially coherent axial illumination and chromatic defocus spread. Optik 49:81-92.

Frank, J., S. C. McFarlane and K. H. Downing (1978) A note on the effect of illumination aperture and defocus spread in brightfield electron microscopy. Optik 52:49-60.

Hawkes, P. W. (1978) Coherence in electron optics. Adv. Opt. Elec. Microsc. 7:101-184.

Misell, D. L. (1978) Image analysis, enhancement and interpretation. Pract. Meth. Elec. Microsc. (Ed. A. M. Glauert)North-Holland Pub. Co., Amsterdam 7:1-305.

Misell, D. L. (1978) The phase problem in electron micrscopy. Adv. Opt. Elec. Microsc. 7:185-279.

Klug, A. (1979) Image analysis and reconstruction in the electron microscopy of biological macromolecules. Chemica Scripta 14:245-256.

Cohen, H. and W. Chiu (1981) Accumulated dose dependence of support film contrast transfer function. Ultramicrosc. 6:335-342.

Fuller, S. D. (1981) Three-dimensional reconstruction of membrane protein crystals. Meth. Cell Biol. 22:251-296.

Amos, L. A., R. Henderson and P. N. T. Unwin (1982) Three-dimensional structure determination by electron microscopy of two-dimensional crystals. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 39:183-231.

Cosslett, V. E. (1982) Resolution and contrast in the electron microscope: An historical review. J. Microsc. 128:23-31.

VanDyck, D. and A. F. deJong (1992) Ultimate resolution and information in electron microscopy: general principles. Ultramicrosc. 47:266-281.

Otten, M. T. and W. M. J. Coene (1993) High-resolution imaging on a field emission TEM. Ultramicrosc. 48:77-91.

Zemlin, F. (1994) Expected contribution of the field-emission gun to high- resolution transmission electron microscopy. Micron 25:223-226.

Meeting Abstracts, Newsletters, Bulletins
Concerning Non-Cryo Contrast Transfer Function

Erickson, H. P. and A. Klug (1970) Phase contrast electron microscopy and compensation of aberrations by Fourier image processing. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 28:248-249.

Welton, T. A., F. L. Ball and W. W. Harris (1973) Wiener processing of phase contrast electron micrographs. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 31:270-271.

Voter, W. A. and H. P. Erickson (1974) An experimental study of deviations from the linear transfer theory. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 32:400-401.

Thon, F. (1975) Processing of high resolution images by analogue methods. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 33:16-17.

Unwin, P. N. T. and R. Henderson (1975) High resolution structure determination of unstained biological molecules. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 33:298-299.

Chiu, W. and R. M. Glaeser (1978) Electron exposure-dependent contrast transfer. Proc. Ninth Int'l. Cong. Elec. Microsc. (Toronto) 1:94-95.

Krivanek, O. L. (1978) EM contrast transfer functions for tilted illumination imaging. Proc. Ninth Int'l. Cong. Elec. Microsc. (Toronto) 1:168-169.

deJong, A. F. (1992). Measurement of PCTF parameters with high accuracy. EUREM 92, (Granada, Spain), 1:137-138.

deJong, A. F., W. M. J. Coene and A. J. Koster (1992) Measurement of PCTF parameters with high accuracy. Proc. Elect. Micros. Soc. Amer. 50:136-137.

Notes

Hayward, S. B. and R. M. Stroud (1981) Projected structure of purple membrane determined to 3.7Å resolution by low temperature electron microscopy. J. Mol. Biol. 151:491-517. This gives formula for envelope function and discuss correction of Fourier amplitudes.

Lepault, J. and T. Pitt (1984) Projected structure of unstained, frozen-hydrated T-layer of Bacillus brevis. EMBO J. 3:101-105. CTF correction (Wiener filter).

Toyoshima, C. and N. Unwin (1988) Contrast transfer for frozen-hydrated specimens: determination from pairs of defocused images. Ultramicrosc. 25:279-292.

Toyoshima, C. and N. Unwin (1990) Three-dimensional structure of the acetylcholine receptor by cryoelectron microscopy and helical image reconstruction. J. Cell Biol. 111:2623-2635. Deconvolution using CTFs merged from focal pair.

Stewart, P. L., S. D. Fuller and R. M. Burnett (1993) Difference imaging of adenovirus: Bridging the resolution gap between x-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. EMBO J. 12:2589-259. Discusses deconvolution with the inverse CTF.

Cheng, R. H., N. H. Olson and T. S. Baker (1992) Cauliflower mosaic virus: A 420 subunit (T=7), multilayer structure. Virology 186:655-668. Focal pair: high defocus to get orientation; low defocus to get reconstruction.

Wade, R. H. (1992) A brief look at imaging and contrast transfer. Ultramicrosc. 46:145-156. Discusses envelope function and CTF corrections.

Otten, M. T. and W. M. J. Coene (1993) High-resolution imaging on a field emission TEM. Ultramicrosc. 48:77-91. Comparison of CTF curves for FEG and normal TEM showing superior performance of FEG because of coherence..

Toyoshima, C., K. Yonekura and H. Sasabe (1993) Contrast transfer for frozen-hydrated specimens II. Amplitude contrast at very low frequencies. Ultramicrosc. 48:165-176.

Unwin, N. (1993) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 9Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 229:1101-1124. Deconvolution using CTFs merged from several micrographs.

Wade, R. H. and D. Chretien (1993) Cryoelectron microscopy of microtubules. J. Struct. Biol. 110:1-27. Discusses envelope function.

Saxton, W. O. (1996) SEMPER: Distortion compensation, selective averaging, 3-D reconstruction, and transfer function correction in a highly programmable system. J. Struct. Biol. 116:230-236. Interactive transfer function fitting.

Tsujiuchi, J. (1963) Correction of optical images by compensation of aberrations and by spatial frequency filtering. Prog. Optics 2:133-180.

Welton, T. A. (1971) Computational correction of aberrations in electron microscopy. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 29:94-95.

Hoppe, W. (1972) Recording, processing and correction of electron microscope images. Fifth Europ. Reg. Conf. Elec. Microsc. (Manchester) 612-617.

Thon, F. (1974) In-line and a posteriori improvement of high resolution electron microscopical images. Proc. Eighth Int'l. Cong. Elec. Microsc. (Canberra) 1:238-239.

Frank, J. (1975) Determination of energy spread and source size by optical diffraction. Elec. Microsc. Soc. Am. Proc. 33:182-183.

Frank, J. (1976) Phase contrast and partial coherence. Sixth Europ. Reg. Conf. Elec. Microsc. (Jerusalem) 1:97-98.

Zemlin, F. (1978) Image synthesis from electron micrographs taken at different defocus. Ultramicrosc. 3:261-263.

Cowley, J. M. and R. E. Bridges (1979) Phase and amplitude contrast in electron microscopy of stained biological objects. Ultramicrosc. 4:419-427.

Kirkland, E. J., B. M. Siegel, N. Uyeda and Y. Fujiyoshi (1980) Digital reconstruction of bright field phase contrast images from high resolution electron micrographs. Ultramicrosc. 5:479-503.

Kirkland, E. J. and B. M. Siegel (1981) Linear image processing and anomalous scattering. Ultramicrosc. 6:169-180.

Chang, C.-F., R. C. Williams, D. A. Grano, K. H. Downing, and R. M. Glaeser (1983) Quantitative evaluation of high-resolution features in images of negatively stained tobacco mosaic virus. Ultramicrosc. 11:3-12.



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Last edited April 29, 1997